Ibara rya Aluminium rishobora gusudwa? Igitabo Cyuzuye Cyuzuye

1. Intangiriro

Ibara rya aluminiyumu, rizwi kandi nka aluminiyumu isize irangi cyangwa irangi, ikoreshwa cyane mu gushariza imyubakire, ibikoresho byo hanze, ibikoresho byo mu nganda, n'ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo kubera imitungo yoroheje, irwanya ruswa nziza, hamwe n'amahitamo atandukanye. Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mubahimbyi, injeniyeri, hamwe nabakunzi ba DIY ni: amabara ya aluminiyumu ashobora gusudwa neza kandi neza ? Igisubizo kigufi ni yego. Ibara rya aluminiyumu irashobora gusudwa, ariko igifuniko cyayo kidasanzwe kizana ibibazo bidasanzwe bitandukanye no gusudira bisanzwe bya aluminiyumu yambaye ubusa. Hatabayeho imikorere isanzwe, gusudira inenge, kwangirika kwingufu, hamwe nimbaraga nke zifatika zishobora kubaho. Aka gatabo karasobanura neza uburyo bushoboka, tekiniki zikoreshwa, inzira zingenzi, hamwe ninama zo gukumira amabara yo gusudira ya aluminium, yubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gusudira mu nganda.

2. Ese gusudira ibara rya Aluminium birashoboka?

Gusudira bishoboka ibara rya aluminiyumu biterwa nibikoresho fatizo hamwe nubwoko bwo gutwikira. Mubusanzwe, ibara rya aluminiyumu ni ibisanzwe bya aluminiyumu (nka 3003, 5052, 6061 aluminium) bitwikiriye ibara ryirinda (polyester coating, fluorocarbon coating, cyangwa layer anodised). Aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu ubwayo igumana gusudira neza, ijyanye nibikoresho bisanzwe bya aluminium.

Ingorabahizi yibanze yo gusudira iri hejuru yubururu hejuru aho kuba icyuma fatizo. Ibara ryinshi ryamabara ntirishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Gusudira mu buryo butaziguye ahantu hashyizweho bizatera igifuniko gutwika, kubyimba, kumeneka, no kubyara imyotsi yangiza, mugihe umwanda usigara usigaye uzana gusudira inenge nka pore, inclusions, hamwe no guhuza imbaraga. Igihe cyose igifuniko cyahantu ho gusudira kivanyweho neza kandi hashyizweho uburyo busanzwe bwo gusudira, aluminiyumu yamabara irashobora kugera kubintu bihamye, bikomeye-byo gusudira.

3. Uburyo bwiza bwo gusudira kuburyo bwa Aluminium

Hamwe nibikorwa byinganda hamwe na AWS (American Welding Society), uburyo bubiri bwo gusudira bukwiranye na aluminiyumu yamabara, hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye:

Gusudira TIG (GTAW)

Teldsten Inert Gas (TIG) gusudira ninzira yatoranijwe kuri aluminiyumu yamabara, cyane cyane kumasahani yoroheje, ibice byo gushushanya, hamwe nakazi keza cyane. Igaragaza ubushyuhe bwibanze, kwinjiza udusudira duto, arc ihamye, hamwe no gusudira neza. Kwishingikiriza kuri gaz ya argon ikingira gaze, itandukanya neza umwuka kandi ikirinda okiside ya aluminiyumu. Kuri aluminiyumu yamabara hamwe nibisabwa bigaragara, gusudira kwa TIG birashobora kugabanya gusya no gusana imirimo nyuma yo gusudira, bigatuma biba byiza mububiko bwa aluminiyumu nubwubatsi.

MIG Welding (GMAW)

Gusudira Metal Inert Gas (MIG) birakwiriye kubisahani byamabara ya aluminiyumu no gutunganya ibyiciro binini. Ugereranije no gusudira TIG, ifite ubushobozi bwo gusudira kandi bwihuta bwo gukora. Ikoresha kandi argon isukuye nka gaz ikingira kandi ihuza insinga za aluminiyumu yo gusudira (4043 cyangwa 5356 yuzuza inkoni). Gusa imbogamizi ni uko gusudira kwa MIG bifite intera nini y’ubushyuhe, bikaba bishoboka cyane ko bitera ihinduka rito ryibice bito bya aluminiyumu, bityo rero bikoreshwa cyane mubice byubaka inganda bifite isura nke.

Inzira zo Kwirinda

Amashanyarazi asanzwe yo gusudira hamwe no gusudira gaze ntabwo byemewe kuri aluminiyumu. Izi nzira zifite ubushyuhe butajegajega, imikorere idahwitse, hamwe n’ibyangiritse bikomeye byo gutwika, bidashobora kwemeza ubwiza bwa weld kandi bizagabanya cyane kurwanya ruswa hamwe nuburanga bwibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu.

4. Intambwe Zingenzi Mbere yo gusudira Intambwe zo Gutegura

Kwivuza mbere yo gusudira nintambwe yingenzi cyane yo gusudira amabara ya aluminium igenda neza, igena neza ubwiza bwa weld hamwe nuburyo bugaragara.

Kuraho ibara ry'ubuso

Kuramo burundu ibara ritwikiriye hagati ya 10–20mm ya welding. Uburyo bubiri bukuze burahari: kuvanaho imashini no kuvana imiti. Gusya kwa mashini hamwe na sandpaper nziza cyangwa gusya inziga nuburyo busanzwe kandi bwizewe, bushobora gukuraho neza ibifuniko bitangiza ibyuma bya aluminiyumu. Ahantu hanini ho gusudira, imiti yimiti yabigize umwuga irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango yambure neza. Birakenewe ko hatabaho igifuniko gisigaye hejuru yo gusudira kugirango wirinde inenge zanduye mugihe cyo gusudira.

Sukura Oxide Igice hamwe namavuta

Amavuta ya aluminiyumu asanzwe akora urwego rwinshi rwa oxyde hejuru, aho gushonga gusumba kure icyuma cya aluminiyumu. Okiside isigaye izatera gusudira nabi. Mbere yo gusudira, koresha ibikoresho byogukora isuku ya aluminiyumu cyangwa umuyonga wicyuma udafite ingese kugirango ukureho okiside yo hejuru, irangi ryamavuta, n ivumbi, kandi ugumane aho gusudira byumye kandi bisukuye.

Hitamo Guhuza Ibikoresho byo gusudira

Hitamo inkoni ikwiye ukurikije ibara rya aluminiyumu base alloy moderi. 4043 insinga yo gusudira ya aluminiyumu irakwiriye kumasahani ya aluminiyumu asanzwe, afite amazi meza kandi akora byoroshye. 5356 insinga yo gusudira ikoreshwa muburyo bukomeye bwamabara yububiko bwa aluminiyumu, itanga imbaraga zo gusudira cyane hamwe no gukomera.

5. Amabwiriza yingenzi yo gusudira

Kugenzura Ubushyuhe bwinjiza no gusudira Umuvuduko

Aluminium ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushyuhe bwihuse. Ugereranije no gusudira ibyuma, gusudira amabara ya aluminiyumu bisaba kwinjiza ubushyuhe bwihuse kandi byihuta byo gusudira. Umuvuduko ukabije cyane bizatera ubushyuhe bukabije, biganisha ku isahani ya aluminiyumu, guhinduka, no kwaguka kwangirika. Umuvuduko uhamye kandi wihuse wo gusudira urashobora gutuma weld yihuta kandi ikagabanya ingaruka zubushyuhe ku mwenda ukikije.

Menya neza ko gazi ihagije ihagije

Buri gihe ukoreshe 100% argon nziza nka gaze ikingira. Gazi idahagije cyangwa gaze yanduye bizatera okiside ya weld, umwijima, nudusimba twa pore. Mugihe cyo gukora, komeza inguni yo gusudira kugirango uhagarike gazi ikingira ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe kandi wirinde gutera ikirere.

Irinde Oxidation Yisumbuye

Ubuso bwa aluminiyumu isukuye buzongera gukora oxyde yihuta mu kirere. Birasabwa kurangiza gusudira mugihe cyamasaha 1-2 nyuma yo koza no gukuraho igifuniko kugirango wirinde okiside ya kabiri igira ingaruka kumiterere yo gusudira.

6. Kuvura nyuma yo gusudira no gusana

Nyuma yo gusudira, gutwikira ibara rya aluminiyumu bizangirika, kandi hasabwa kuvurwa nyuma yo gusudira kugira ngo bigarure ubwiza bwabyo no kurwanya ruswa.

Ubwa mbere, oza hejuru yubudodo kugirango ukureho gusudira spatter, okiside yumukara wa okiside, hamwe nudusaro dusudira tutaringaniye kugirango ubuso bugende neza kandi buringaniye. Icya kabiri, sukura ahantu hasukuye neza kugirango ukureho umukungugu numwanda. Hanyuma, usane ibara ryamabara utera irangi ryamabara cyangwa fluorocarubone hejuru ya aluminiyumu yambaye ubusa. Nyuma yo gukira, igice cyasanwe gishobora kugera ku ibara rihoraho no kurwanya ruswa hamwe nisahani yumwimerere.

Kubice byubatswe bifite isura nkeya, birakenewe gusa kuvura anti-rust nyuma yo gusya kugirango serivisi zigihe kirekire zihamye.

7. Inenge zisanzwe zo gusudira no gukemura

Weld Pores

Impamvu: Umwanda usigaye, umwanda wamavuta, cyangwa gaze ikingira. Igisubizo: Shimangira isuku mbere yo gusudira, kwiyambura neza, kandi urebe ko gaze yumye kandi yera.

Crack Weld

Impamvu: Ntangere yuzuye yuzuza inkoni, ubushyuhe bukabije bwo gusudira, cyangwa guhangayika kutaringaniye. Igisubizo: Simbuza guhuza insinga zo gusudira, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwinjira, no gufata ibyiciro byo gusudira kugirango ugabanye guhangayika.

Ihinduka rinini

Impamvu: Buhoro buhoro gusudira no kwirundanya cyane. Igisubizo: Ongera umuvuduko wurugendo rwo gusudira muburyo bukwiye, koresha ibice bisimbuka gusudira, hanyuma ukosore igihangano hamwe nibikoresho mbere yo gusudira.

8. Umwanzuro

Ibara rya aluminiyumu irashobora gusudira rwose, kandi ubwiza bwayo bwo gusudira biterwa nubuvuzi busanzwe bwo kuvura, tekinoroji ikwiye yo gusudira, hamwe no gusana nyuma yo gusudira. Gusudira TIG nuburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu-yuzuye kandi igaragara cyane, naho gusudira kwa MIG birakwiriye cyane gutunganya neza ibice byubatswe. Urufunguzo rwo gusudira neza ni ugukuraho neza ibara ryubuso bwamabara hejuru ya oxyde, kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gusudira, no gukora akazi keza mugusana nyuma yo gusudira. Mugukurikiza uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora, ibara rya aluminiyumu yo gusudira irashobora kugera ku mbaraga zidasanzwe, kugaragara neza, no kurwanya ruswa iramba, byujuje ibisabwa byubwubatsi, inganda, nibicuruzwa bya buri munsi.