Impinduramatwara ya Bateri: Nigute Urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu Bituma Bateri ya Litiyumu yoroshye kandi ikomera

Intangiriro

Isi yose igana ku binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi (EV), kubika ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, hamwe na elegitoroniki yikurura byateje icyifuzo kitigeze kibaho kuri bateri ya lithium-ion itanga ingufu nyinshi, ipima bike, kandi ikaramba. Mugihe hitabwa cyane kuri chimisties ya cathode, ibikoresho bya anode, hamwe nudushya twa electrolyte, ikintu kimwe kitaririmbye gituje cyicecekeye byinshi muriri terambere: foil ya aluminium . Nkikusanyirizo ryibanze ryambere kuruhande rwa electrode nziza, fayili ya aluminiyumu irimo gukora impinduramatwara ituje - yoroheje, yera, kandi ikora cyane kurusha mbere hose. Iyi ngingo iragaragaza uburyo foil ya aluminiyumu igenda itera isura ya batiri ya lithium, bigatuma selile zoroha ndetse nubukanishi butabangamiye imikorere.

1. Kuki Urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu Ninkingi ya Electrode nziza

Uruhare rw'abakusanya ubu

Muri buri selire ya lithium-ion, abegeranya ubu bakora nka substrate ikora ifata ibikoresho bya electrode ikora kandi ikohereza electron mumuzunguruko wo hanze. Kuruhande rwa cathode (positif), aluminium foil niyo guhitamo kwisi yose; kuruhande rwa anode (mbi), umuringa wumuringa uriganje. Ifu ya aluminium ikora ibirenze gutwara gusa - igomba:

• Ihangane n’ibihe byinshi bya okiside ya cathode (kugeza 4.3-4.45 V na Li / Li⁺)

• Gufatanya guhuza cathode slurry (NMC, LFP, NCA, nibindi)

• Komeza guhagarara neza muburyo bwo kwishyuza no gusohora

• Tanga uburemere buke bwa parasitike nubunini kuri selire

Kuki Aluminium Atari Ikindi?

Aluminiyumu yatoranijwe kubera ko ikora urwego ruto, ruhamye rwa passivation ya oxyde ya piside ifite imbaraga nyinshi - itajegajega aho ibindi byuma byinshi byangirika. Ni na none:

• Umucyo woroshye : ubucucike ~ 2,70 g / cm³, hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'umuringa (8,96 g / cm³)

• Kiyobora cyane : ~ 37.7 million S / m

• Ubwinshi kandi buhendutse : kwisi yose yakozwe mubipimo

• Isubirwamo : gushyigikira icyerekezo cyubukungu cyizenguruka cyabakora bateri

2. Umucyo: Ifoto yoroheje isobanura mu buryo butaziguye ingufu nyinshi

Imibare yuburemere

Ubusanzwe selile ya lithium-ion ikoresha mg 10-20 mg ya cathode aluminium foil kuri Wh yo kubika ingufu. Kuri paki ya 60 kWh ya EV, bivuze hafi kg 6-12 za fayili ya aluminium yonyine. Kugabanya umubyimba wa file kuva kuri 16 µm kugeza kuri 12 µm, 10 µm, cyangwa 8 µm bigabanya uburemere bwa parasitike.

Kuva Kuzigama Ibiro kugeza kunguka

Buri kilo yakuwe mubipaki ya batiri itanga umusanzu muburyo bwimodoka cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kwishura. Ikigereranyo cy’inganda cyerekana ko kugabanya ibiro 10 kugabanya ibiro bisanzwe bitanga umusaruro wa kilometero 2-33 zinyongera . Nubwo kunanura ifiriti ari imwe gusa muri benshi, ingaruka zayo zo guhuriza hamwe-zifatanije na feza yoroheje y'umuringa, cathodes yo hejuru ya nikel, hamwe na selile-to-pack-isobanura.

Umubare w'amafaranga yo kuzigama cyane

Ifu yoroheje nayo irekura ingano yimbere imbere muri selire, ituma ibikoresho bya electrode bikora cyane bipakirwa muburyo bumwe cyangwa mububiko. Kugabanuka 'ingano yapfuye ' kugabanuka bifite agaciro cyane muri selile prismatic na pouch , aho umwanya wo gutezimbere ugapakira byinshi Wh muri buri selire.

3. Ikomeye: Igikoresho cyubwubatsi gihagaze kuri Stress-Isi

Niki 'Ikomeye ' Bisobanura muri Foil Bateri

Kurya ntabwo bihita biba byiza. Iyo file igenda yoroha, gukoresha imashini birakomera. Amashanyarazi ya aluminiyumu agomba kuringaniza:

• Imbaraga zingutu -kurokoka umuvuduko mwinshi wihuta

• Kurambura kuruhuka -kurwanya gucikamo mugihe cyo guhinduranya na kalendari

• Kurwanya gucumita - kugirango wirinde imiyoboro migufi yimbere kumpande za electrode

• Kugenzura ibishashara no guhindagurika - kubwububiko bumwe ku muvuduko wa 60-100 m / min na nyuma yaho

Amashanyarazi hamwe nubushyuhe

Impapuro za batiri zigezweho zisanzwe zishingiye kumurongo wa 1xxx (1060, 1085, 1090) cyangwa zahinduwe za 3xxx zivanze mubushyuhe bworoshye (H18, H19, O, cyangwa ubushyuhe bwihariye). Ingamba zingenzi zibyuma zirimo:

• Aluminium-isukuye cyane (≥99.85%) kugirango igabanye umwanda wibyuma bishobora gutera ubwisanzure cyangwa mikoro migufi.

• Kuvanga neza hamwe ninyongera ya Fe, Si, cyangwa Cu kugirango uhuze imbaraga utitanze neza

• Igenzurwa rya annealing kugirango ugere ku ngano nziza-ingano nziza, ingano imwe itanga ihindagurika n'imbaraga

Kuvura Ubuso Kuburyo bwiza bwa Electrode

Ifoto ikomeye kumubiri ni kimwe cya kabiri cyinkuru; gutwika cathode bigomba kuguma bihujwe nayo hejuru yibihumbi. Ubuvuzi bwo hejuru nka:

• Guhindura no guhinduranya imiti

• Ibikoresho bya Nanostructures (urugero, karubone ikora cyangwa titanium ishingiye)

• Rughened cyangwa matte birangira

ongera aho uhurira no guhuza imiti hagati ya aluminium substrate na cathode slurry, wirinde gusibanganya-impamvu nyamukuru yubushobozi bugabanuka.

4. Impinduramatwara yo Gukora Inyuma Yumuti mwiza

Kuzunguruka no Kunyerera

Gukora 8-12 µm foil hamwe no kwihanganira ubunini bwa ± 1-2% bisaba kuzunguruka ibyiciro byinshi bikonje, kugenzura ibipimo bigezweho, hamwe no gutunganya ibyumba byuburyo bwiza. Ndetse na microscopique pinholes cyangwa ibice byacitse birashobora guhinduka ingirabuzimafatizo.

Isuku no kugenzura neza

Impapuro za bateri zisaba isuku idasanzwe. Amavuta asigaye azunguruka, uduce twumukungugu, cyangwa inenge ya oxyde yo hejuru igomba kugabanywa. Abaproducer bambere bayobora:

• Isuku ryinshi-gushonga gushungura

• Kugenzura kumurongo optique kuri micrometero

• Kugenzura ikirere

• Vacuum cyangwa isuku neza mbere yo kunyerera

Impamvu Ibi Byingenzi Kubakora Akagari

Kubakora bateri, foil ikomeye kandi isukuye bisobanura:

• Umusaruro mwinshi mugihe cya electrode

• Akagari gake kanga kubera imiyoboro migufi cyangwa inenge

• Ubuzima bwiza bwinzira binyuze mubikusanyirizo bihoraho

• Umusaruro muke kuri kilowati uko umuvuduko wiyongera

5. Imikoreshereze Guha imbaraga Urupapuro rwa aluminiyumu Boom

Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi

Urwego rwa EV nirwo runini runini rwo gukura. Nikel nyinshi-NMC na LFP selile ya intera ndende kandi ihendutse ya EV kimwe kimwe na buri gihe byoroha, bikora cyane-cathode foil. Mugihe paki igenda yerekeza kuri 800 V yubatswe hamwe na 350+ Wh / kg intego ya selile, ubwiza bwa file buhinduka itandukaniro.

Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki

Terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, tableti, hamwe n’imyenda isaba selile ultra-thin selile zifite ingufu nyinshi. Hano, 8-10 µm aluminiyumu isanzwe isanzwe, kandi gusunika bikomeza kugera no ku bipimo byoroheje bitabangamiye kwizerwa.

Sisitemu yo Kubika Ingufu (ESS)

Ububiko bwa gride-nini nubucuruzi bwingufu, byiganjemo chimie ya LFP, bisaba ubuzima bwigihe kirekire nigiciro gito kuri kilowati. Aluminium foil itanga ituze hejuru yubuzima bwa 6.000+, mugihe iyisubiramo ishobora gushyigikira manda zirambye.

Ikoranabuhanga rya Batiri

Sisitemu izakurikiraho - bateri ya sodium-ion, bateri zikomeye, hamwe na lithium-sulfure - byose bikomeza gukoresha aluminium cathode ikusanya. Mubihe byinshi, ibisabwa birarushijeho kuba byinshi: ingirabuzimafatizo zikomeye zikenera file ishobora kurokoka umuvuduko ukabije hamwe no gutunganya ubushyuhe bwinshi, mugihe sodium-ion selile zifite idirishya ryihariye rya voltage.

6. Kuramba: Igipimo cya gatatu kirenze urumuri kandi gikomeye

Inkuru yoroheje kandi ikomeye inkuru yuzuye ntabwo yuzuye nta kuramba:

• Kugabanya ibikoresho bikoreshwa : foil yoroheje bisobanura aluminiyumu yacukuwe kandi itunganywa kuri kilowati

• Ubwikorezi buke no kwerekana ibyuka bihumanya : uburemere buke bwoherejwe, ingufu nke zikoreshwa

• Isubiramo ryuzuye : aluminium igumana imiterere yayo ikoresheje imirongo itagira ingano

• Guhuza nibikorwa bya batiri yicyatsi : ishyigikira Amabwiriza ya Batiri yuburayi, CBAM, nibisabwa-bikoreshwa

Mugihe imisoro yumupaka wa karubone hamwe namabwiriza ya pasiporo ya batiri atangira gukurikizwa, kwerekana no gukandagira ikirenge cya fayili bizagira akamaro - gukora aluminiyumu ishinzwe gushakisha inyungu nziza.

7. Ibibazo n'inzira iri imbere

Ibibazo bya tekiniki

• Gukemura ultra-thin foil : munsi ya 8 µm, gukoresha urubuga no kunyerera biba byinshi cyane

• Kuringaniza imbaraga nubushobozi : gusunika imbaraga za alloy kure cyane birashobora kugabanya amashanyarazi

• Igenzura rya pinhole : ibipimo byoroheje byongera ibyago byinenge za microscopique

• Umuvuduko mwinshi-mwinshi : nkuko cathodes isunika kuri 4.45 V no kurenga, passivation ibice bigomba kuguma bikomeye

Icyo Imyaka icumi ikurikira

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inganda cyerekana:

• Sub-8 µm foil yinjira mubikorwa byinshi bya selile premium

• Nanostructures hamwe na fayili (urugero, karubone-yashizwemo, micro-shusho) kugirango yongere imbaraga hamwe no gucunga neza ubushyuhe.

• Ubwubatsi bwubuhanga bworoshye bujyanye na chimisties yihariye

• Guhuza amasoko yegeranye hagati yabatunganya ibicuruzwa, abakora ibifuniko, nabakora selile

Umwanzuro

Impinduramatwara ya batiri ya lithium ntabwo ibera mubintu bimwe - ibera murwego rwose, kandi fayili ya aluminiyumu iri hagati yacyo. Mugihe kigenda neza, ababikora bogosha garama na mililitiro zagaciro muri buri selile, bikazamura ubwinshi bwingufu nimbaraga zimodoka. Mugukomeza gukomera, metallurgiste naba injeniyeri bemeza ko utwo dusimba duto cyane turokoka inganda zihuta, imyaka mirongo yamagare, hamwe nubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwo gukoresha isi.

Ku bakora amamodoka, abakora bateri, hamwe n’abaguzi, ubutumwa burasobanutse: gusimbuka gukurikira muri bateri zoroheje, zifite umutekano, kandi zikomeye zizubakwa ku musingi wa fayili ya aluminiyumu udashobora kubona - ariko uzumva igihe cyose utwaye imodoka kure, kwishyuza vuba, no kwishingikiriza ku mbaraga zigukikije. Impinduramatwara ya aluminiyumu yamaze gukorwa, kandi irimo gukora bateri zitanga ejo hazaza heza, zikomeye, kandi zirambye kuruta mbere hose.