umvange wa aluminiyumu 8011
Dingang
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| fóyili ya aluminiyumu Ubunini: | |
| Amahitamo y'amabara :: | |
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| imiterere y’umvange : | |
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Dingang itanga impapuro za aluminiyumu zanditse kugirango zihindurwe neza, abakora ibicuruzwa bipfunyika, laminator, hamwe n’abakora ibicuruzwa mu nganda. Ibikoresho bifashisha bifashisha 8011-O ya aluminiyumu mu bipimo bito kuva kuri 0.006 kugeza kuri 0.009 mm, hamwe no gucapa rotogravure yihariye hamwe nuburyo bwo kumurika uburyo bwo gupakira ukoresheje PE T, PE , BOPP, CPP, PA, cyangwa izindi firime zihuye.
Igikoresho cya aluminiyumu gitanga uburinzi bukomeye ku mucyo kandi kigatanga umusemburo muke cyane wa ogisijeni hamwe n’umwuka w’umwuka w’umwuka iyo fayili ikomeje. Gucapa byongeramo ibicuruzwa nibiranga ibishushanyo, mugihe polymer igaragara muri laminate yuzuye itanga ubufasha bwubukanishi, imikorere ya kashe, hamwe nibihuza nibikoresho byo gupakira.
Ifoto yacapwe irashobora gutangwa kugirango irusheho kumurikirwa cyangwa kuganirwaho nkigice cyihariye cyo gupakira ibintu byoroshye. Abaguzi bagomba kwemeza niba bakeneye impapuro za aluminiyumu zanditse gusa cyangwa laminate yuzuye yuzuye, kubera ko imikorere ya bariyeri, imitungo ya kashe, umubyimba, hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye bitandukanye nuburyo bubiri bwo gutanga.
Gusaba Byacapwe fóyili ya aluminiyumu Igiciro & Ingero
8011 ni seriyumu 8 ya aluminiyumu ikubiyemo ibyuma bigenzurwa na fer na silicon. Mubushuhe, butanga ubworoherane nuburyo bukenewe kubikoresho byinshi byo guhinduranya no gupakira ibintu byoroshye. Kuri iki gicuruzwa, ibipimo byerekana ibipimo birimo microne 6.35, 7, na 9 murwego rusange rwa microni 6-9.
Ubunini bwa file bugomba gutoranywa ukurikije imiterere isabwa ya laminate, imipaka ya pinhole, imiterere, inzitizi, hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakira. Ifu yoroheje irashobora kugabanya imikoreshereze yibikoresho, mugihe ifu yuzuye irashobora gutanga amafaranga yinyongera yo gusaba ibikorwa byo guhindura.
Icapiro rya aluminiyumu kandi ryarangije gupakira byoroshye laminate ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa bimwe. Impapuro zacapwe ni urubuga rwa aluminium hamwe nubushushanyo bwihariye. Laminate irangiye irashobora guhuza fayili na PE T, PE , BOPP, CPP, PA, impapuro, cyangwa izindi substrate ukoresheje uburyo bukwiye bwo gufata cyangwa gusohora.
Imiterere isanzwe irashobora gushiramo PE T / AL / PE , PE T / AL / CPP, impapuro / PE / AL / PE , cyangwa ubundi buryo bwihariye. Imiterere yanyuma igomba gutoranywa ukurikije ibicuruzwa bipakiye, uburyo bwo gufunga, kuzuza ubushyuhe, ibisabwa bya mashini, hamwe nubuzima bukenewe.
Umutungo |
Ibisobanuro & Indangagaciro |
|---|---|
Ibicuruzwa |
Byacapwe fóyili ya aluminiyumu kubipakira byoroshye |
Amashanyarazi Yibanze |
8011 aluminium |
imiterere y’umvange |
O / Byoroshye |
Ubunini |
0.006–0.009 mm; ibipimo byerekana birimo 6.35 mm, 7 mm, na 9 mm |
Uburyo bwo gucapa |
Icapiro rya rotogravure |
Gucapa amabara |
Amabara agera kuri 8 ukurikije ibihangano, kwiyandikisha, sisitemu ya wino, hamwe nibisobanuro |
Imiterere y'ubuso |
Isuku isukuye ikwiriye gucapwa cyangwa kumurika; ingufu zo hejuru cyangwa ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango bisobanurwe aho bikenewe |
Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kumurika |
PE T, PE , BOPP, CPP, PA, impapuro, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwemewe bwa tekiniki |
Igipimo cyo kohereza amazi |
Umushinga wumwimerere werekana: <0.1 g / m² · 24h; bikurikizwa gusa kuri laminate yapimwe mugihe cyibizamini bisobanuwe |
Igipimo cya Oxygene Ikwirakwizwa |
Umushinga wumwimerere werekana: <0.1 cm³ / m² · 24h; bikurikizwa gusa kuri laminate yapimwe mugihe cyibizamini bisobanuwe |
Ifishi yo gutanga isoko |
Gucapura foil rollstock kugirango irusheho guhinduka cyangwa kumurika |
Kurangiza Laminate Ihitamo |
Inzego ziboneka zigengwa na tekiniki n'ubucuruzi |
Ibisobanuro |
Ubugari, umurambararo wa diametre, hanze ya diameter, uburebure bwumuzingo, icyerekezo kizunguruka, no kugabana ibisabwa kubwumvikane |
Ibyokurya Byandikirwa |
ikoreshwa |
Icyangombwa: Indangagaciro za OTR na WVTR zisobanura imikorere yubwubatsi bwageragejwe, ntabwo yambaye ubusa 6-9 micron yacapishijwe aluminiyumu yonyine. Ubushyuhe bwikigereranyo, ubuhehere bugereranije, igipimo cyibizamini, imiterere ya laminate, icyitegererezo, hamwe n’urugero rwo kwemererwa bigomba kumvikana mbere yumusaruro.
Ifumbire ya aluminiyumu ikomeza gukora cyane muguhagarika urumuri no kugabanya ihererekanyabubasha rya gaze hamwe numwuka wumwuka. Ibi bituma bifite agaciro kubicuruzwa byumva okiside, ubushuhe, gutakaza impumuro nziza, cyangwa urumuri.
Inzitizi ifatika yamapaki yarangiye nayo iterwa numubare nubunini bwa pinole, ifata mugihe cyo gukora umufuka, kuzinga, ubudahangarwa bwa kashe, guhuza laminate, no kwangirika mugihe cyo gutwara. Indangagaciro za barrière rero zigomba kugenzurwa kumiterere nyayo yububiko aho ubuzima bubi ari ngombwa.
Icapiro rya Rotogravure rituma ibishushanyo byabigenewe, amakuru y'ibicuruzwa, ibirango, n'ibishushanyo by'amabara menshi. Sisitemu ya wino isabwa igomba guhuzwa nubuso bwo gucapa, uburyo bwo kumurika nyuma, kwerekana ubushyuhe, kugenera ibiryo-guhuza ibiryo, hamwe nibisabwa-isoko.
Iyo impapuro zacapwe zomekwa hamwe na PE T, PA, BOPP, cyangwa indi firime ya polymer, polymer irashobora gutanga imbaraga zinyongera, guhagarara neza, kwihanganira gucumita, no gushyigikira icapiro. Umusanzu nyawo uterwa nibintu byatoranijwe no gupima.
PE , CPP, cyangwa indi firime ikwiye ishobora kongerwamo aho paki isaba gufunga ubushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bwo gutangiza kashe, ubushyuhe bushyushye, imbaraga za kashe ya nyuma, coefficient de fraisse, hamwe n umuvuduko wapakiye-umurongo ni ibintu byubatswe byuzuye kandi bigomba gushyirwaho hakoreshejwe ibigeragezo nyabyo byakozwe.
Ifu ya aluminiyumu itanga inzitizi idasobanutse yuburyo bworoshye bukoreshwa nibicuruzwa bisaba kurinda urumuri, ubushuhe, ogisijeni, cyangwa gutakaza impumuro nziza. Ibisobanuro byuzuye bigomba gusobanura OTR, WVTR, hamwe nubuzima bwa tekinike.
Kugera kuri 8-amabara ya rotogravure irashobora kuganirwaho kubishushanyo byemewe. Abaguzi bagomba gutanga amadosiye yubuhanzi, Pantone cyangwa ibindi byemeranijweho amabara yerekanwe, icyerekezo cyo gucapa, gusubiramo uburebure, ibisabwa byo kwiyandikisha, nibisabwa byose bisize irangi cyangwa ibisabwa byo gukingira.
Impapuro zacapwe zishobora kwinjizwa muri laminates zirimo PE T, PE , CPP, BOPP, PA, impapuro, cyangwa izindi substrate zibereye. Ubuhanga bwa chimie, gukiza igihe, ibisigisigi bisigaye, nimbaraga zishishwa bigomba gutoranywa kubicuruzwa bigenewe no gupakira.
Ubugari buzunguruka, uburebure bwumuzingi, diameter yibanze, diameter yo hanze, icyerekezo kizunguruka, uburemere ntarengwa bwo kuzunguruka, ingano igabanijwe, hamwe nibisabwa byacishijwe bugufi birashobora gusubirwamo ukurikije ibikoresho byabakiriya bicapura, byangiza, cyangwa ibikoresho byo gukora umufuka.
Aluminium foil ifite imyitwarire yapfuye-isobanura, bivuze ko ishobora kugumana inshuro nyuma yo guhindura ibintu. Ibiranga birashobora kugirira akamaro ibyatoranijwe bipfunyika, ariko bipfuye-byonyine ntibikora kashe ya hermetic. Imikorere ya Hermetic iterwa nuburyo bwuzuye bwa pake hamwe na sisitemu yo gufunga.
Urugero |
Igikorwa nyamukuru |
Ibitekerezo bisanzwe |
|---|---|---|
PE T / AL / PE |
Icapiro ryinyuma, inzitizi ya aluminium, PE igipimo gifunga ubushyuhe |
Ikawa, ifu, ibiryo byumye, hamwe nibisabwa byatoranijwe |
PE T / AL / CPP |
support PE T inkunga, inzitizi ya aluminium, hejuru ya kashe ya CPP |
Aho bikenewe bya kashe ya CPP cyangwa ibikoresho byubushyuhe birakenewe |
PE T / PA / AL / PE |
Inyongera ya PA ishimangira hamwe na bariyeri |
Byinshi muburyo busaba ibikoresho byo gukingira |
Impapuro / PE / AL / PE |
Impapuro zikomeye cyangwa zanditse hejuru zifatanije na foil barrière na polymer |
Impapuro zihariye zishingiye ku gupakira |
Byacapwe AL + Custom Laminate |
Impapuro zacapwe zitangwa kubakiriya basobanuwe |
Abahindura hamwe na lamination yabo bwite cyangwa inzira yo gukuramo |
Izi nizo ngero zubaka aho kuba rusange. Urutonde rwanyuma, urwego rwa polymer, ibifatika, ubunini, hamwe nicapiro bigomba kumvikana ukurikije ibicuruzwa byapakiwe nibikoresho bipakira.
Ububiko bwa aluminiyumu buzengurutswe ku bipimo bisabwa kandi bitunganyirizwa ku bushyuhe bwa O. Kwihanganira kubyimbye, ubwiza bwubuso, imiterere yumuyaga, hamwe nubukanishi bigomba kugenzurwa ukurikije ibisobanuro byemewe.
Amavuta asigara asigaye hamwe no kwanduza hejuru birashobora kubangamira gucapa cyangwa kumurika. Ubuso bwa foil rero bwateguwe ukurikije wino cyangwa sisitemu isabwa. Mugihe hagomba gusobanurwa ubuso-ingufu cyangwa agaciro keza, intego nuburyo bwo gupima bigomba gutomorwa.
Ibikorwa byemewe byemejwe hifashishijwe icapiro rya rotogravure hamwe namabara agera kuri 8 ukurikije ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa byavuzwe. Kwiyandikisha, gufatira wino, kwihanganira ibara, gusubiramo uburebure, no kugaragara birashobora gushirwa murutonde rwihariye.
Iyo laminate yarangiye itumijwe, foil ya aluminiyumu ihujwe na firime ya polymer ihujwe ukoresheje ibyumye byumye, bidafite umusemburo, gusohora, cyangwa ubundi buryo bwemewe bwo kumurika. Inzira nyayo iterwa nuburyo bukenewe hamwe na sisitemu yo gufatira hamwe.
Ibikoresho byanduye byateganijwe cyangwa bikira nkuko bisabwa na sisitemu yo guhuza. Ubugenzuzi bushobora kubamo isura igaragara, kwandikisha icapiro, umubyimba wuzuye, pinholes, gufatana hagati, gukemura ibisigisigi, gukora inzitizi, hamwe nibiranga kashe aho bishoboka.
Ibikoresho byarangiye birashobora gucibwa no gusubira mubipimo bisabwa nibikoresho byo guhindura abakiriya. Impande zicagaguritse, impagarara zihindagurika, telesikopi, iminkanyari, imyanya igabanijwe, ingano yibanze, hamwe no kurinda umuzingo bigomba kugenzurwa mbere yo koherezwa.
Ikintu cyo Kugenzura |
Kugura Ibitekerezo |
|---|---|
Ubunini |
Emeza igipimo cyizina kandi wemeranijwe kwihanganira ibintu 6-9 mm |
Kugenzura Pinhole |
Sobanura uburyo bwo kugenzura no kwemererwa gukurikiza ukurikije ibipimo bifatika |
Kwiyandikisha |
Emeza ibihangano bisubirwamo, guhuza, kwihanganira kwiyandikisha, hamwe nicyerekezo |
Guhuza Ibara |
Koresha ibihangano byemewe, Pantone yerekana, cyangwa ibyasinywe byerekana umusaruro aho bishoboka |
Ink |
Suzuma ukoresheje wino yumvikanyweho, substrate, gukiza, hamwe nuburyo bwo kumurika |
Isuku yo hejuru / Ubushuhe |
Kugaragaza uburyo bukwiye bwo gupimwa niba hakenewe kwemerwa-ingufu |
Imbaraga za Pelay Imbaraga |
Birasabwa mugihe laminate yuzuye yatanzwe; uburyo nagaciro kagenwe bigomba kumvikana |
OTR / WVTR |
Gerageza laminate yuzuye ukoresheje ubushyuhe bwihariye, ubushuhe, hamwe nibipimo |
Ibisigisigi bisigaye / umunuko |
Bifitanye isano nibiryo byanditse cyangwa bifatanye-byometseho ibiryo hamwe nibikoresho bipfunyika |
Kuzamura ubuziranenge |
Reba ubugari, kuzunguruka, iminkanyari, impande zicagaguye, ibice, ibipimo fatizo, na diameter yo hanze |
Uburyo bwo gutoranya hamwe n'ibipimo byemewe bigomba kwemezwa mbere yumusaruro. Abaguzi bakeneye OTR yihariye, WVTR, imipaka yimuka, imbaraga za kashe, coefficient de friction, cyangwa umuvuduko wo gupakira umurongo bagomba gushyiramo indangagaciro mubisobanuro byubuguzi aho kwishingikiriza gusa kumazina.
Icapiro rya aluminiyumu foil laminates irashobora gukoreshwa kuri chipi zatoranijwe, imbuto, ibisuguti, ibiryo byumye, ibirungo, nibindi bicuruzwa bisaba kurinda ogisijeni, ubushuhe, urumuri, cyangwa gutakaza impumuro nziza. Gupakira azote isaba ubunyangamugayo bukwiye hamwe no kwemeza gaze.
Laminates-barrière-barrière isanzwe ifatwa nkikawa, ifu y’ibinyobwa ako kanya, ifu y’amata, nibindi bicuruzwa byumye byangiza impumuro nziza. Valve ibisabwa, ibicuruzwa bitesha agaciro, ibihe byo gufunga, hamwe nubuzima bwa tekinike bigomba gusuzumwa kubintu byarangiye.
Impapuro zacapwe zirashobora gukoreshwa muri shokora yatoranijwe, bombo, ibisuguti, hamwe nububiko bwo gupakira. Iyo bikenewe gupfunyika bipfuye, ubushyuhe bwa foil hamwe nubwubatsi bwa laminate bigomba guhuzwa nibikoresho bipfunyika hamwe nibicuruzwa.
Icapiro rya foil laminates rishobora gusuzumwa kubuvuzi bwatoranijwe cyangwa amasaketi yimiti aho bikenewe kubaka inzitizi zikomeye. Ibikoresho bya farumasi byibanze bisaba ibicuruzwa byihariye byujuje ibyangombwa, kwimuka cyangwa gukuramo ibicuruzwa aho bikenewe, ubushakashatsi butajegajega, hamwe no kwemeza amabwiriza.
Laminates yacapishijwe cyangwa idacapwe irashobora kandi gutomorwa kubikoresho byinganda byangiza ubushyuhe, ifu, ibice, cyangwa imifuka ikingira. Guhuza imiti, ibisabwa-kugenzura, nimbaraga za mashini bigomba gusubirwamo ukundi.
Ibiryo-bihuza bikwiranye nubwubatsi bwuzuye bwo gupakira hamwe nuburyo bugenewe gukoreshwa. Impumyi ya aluminium, firime ya polymer, wino yo gucapa, primers, coatings, hamwe na adhesives birashobora kuba bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye.
Kubipfunyika byibiribwa byacapwe, abaguzi bagomba kwerekana niba ubuso bwacapwe buri hanze yipaki, byongeye gucapwa no gufatirwa imbere muri laminate, cyangwa bigenewe uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo guhuza ibicuruzwa. Guhuza ibiryo bitaziguye hamwe na wino isanzwe yo gucapa ntibigomba gufatwa.
Niba FDA, EU, Arabiya Sawudite, cyangwa ikindi cyangombwa cyihariye cyamasoko gikenewe, nyamuneka umenye igihugu ugana, ibicuruzwa bipakiye, urwego rwitumanaho, kuzuza ubushyuhe, imiterere yububiko, hamwe na raporo y'ibizamini bisabwa mbere yo gusubiramo. Imenyekanisha riboneka hamwe nibizamini birashobora gusubirwamo kubintu byatanzwe.
Ishusho yumwimerere ikurikira iragumana nkigice cyurupapuro rwibicuruzwa. Abaguzi bakeneye icyemezo cya ISO cyangwa ikindi cyemezo cyubuyobozi-sisitemu bagomba gusaba icyemezo cyubu, igihe cyemewe, izina ryisosiyete yemejwe, urwego rutanga, nurwego mbere yo kubishingiraho kugirango byemezwe nababitanga.
Kubicapuwe bya aluminiyumu foil rollstock, nyamuneka utange ibinyomoro niba byerekanwe, uburebure bwa file, ubugari bwuzuye, uburebure bwumuzingo cyangwa ntarengwa ya diameter, intangiriro imbere ya diameter, umubare wamabara yo gucapa, ibihangano, icapiro risubiramo, icyerekezo kizunguruka, ubwinshi, n'aho ugana.
Kuri laminate yuzuye, vuga kandi imiterere nyayo yububiko, uburebure bwa buri firime ya polymer, ibisabwa bifata neza, igipapuro gifunga ubushyuhe, intego ya OTR / WVTR, intego ya kashe-imbaraga, ibisabwa byuzuye, ibicuruzwa bipfunyitse, hamwe nibiryo byose-bihuza cyangwa ibyangombwa bya farumasi bisabwa.
Shaka Amagambo yo Kwandika Byacapwe fóyili ya aluminiyumu
Nibikoresho bya aluminiyumu yoroheje bitwaje ibishushanyo byabigenewe cyangwa ibifuniko bikora kugirango birusheho guhinduka mubipfunyika byoroshye. Irashobora gutangwa nkibicapwe byafunzwe cyangwa byinjijwe muri laminate.
Ibisobanuro byibanze kuriyi page ni 8011-O. Ibindi bipfunyika ibishishwa birashobora kuboneka kubikorwa bitandukanye, ariko ibivanze bisabwa bigomba kwemezwa ukurikije igipimo, imiterere yubukanishi, uburyo bwo guhindura, no gukoresha amaherezo.
8011 ni seriyumu 8 ya aluminiyumu ikubiyemo ibyuma bigenzurwa na fer na silicon. Bikwiye rero gusobanurwa nka 8011 alloy aho gusobanurwa nkurwego rwohejuru-rwiza nka bimwe bya 1-seri ya aluminium.
Urutonde rwerekana ni 0.006–0.009 mm, cyangwa hafi microne 6-9. Ibicuruzwa byumwimerere birimo 6.35, 7, na 9 micron foil. Kuboneka kwanyuma biterwa n'ubugari, ingano yumubare, icapiro, hamwe na laminate ibisabwa.
Ubushobozi bwibicuruzwa byavuzwe bugera kuri 8-amabara ya rotogravure. Ibara ryanyuma kubara biterwa nubuhanzi, ibisabwa kwiyandikisha, sisitemu ya wino, icapiro risubiramo, hamwe nibisobanuro byihariye.
PE T / AL / PE nizindi nzego za laminate zishobora kuganirwaho ukurikije porogaramu. Nyamuneka menya neza niba ukeneye aluminiyumu yanditswe wenyine cyangwa firime yuzuye ya laminated.
Ifumbire ya aluminiyumu ikomeza ifite ubushobozi buke cyane kandi itanga urumuri rwiza, gaze, nubushuhe. Inzitizi ya paki yarangiye irashobora kugabanywa na pinholes, gutobora flex, guhindagurika, file yangiritse, kashe idakomeye, cyangwa inenge ya laminate.
Oya. OTR na WVTR byavuzwe bigomba gufatwa nkintego zumushinga kuri laminate isobanuwe neza. Imiterere yibikoresho, uburyo bwikizamini, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe bugereranije, imiterere, nimbibi zemewe bigomba gutomorwa.
Laminate yateguwe neza irashobora kuba nziza kubikoresho bya VFFS, ariko umuvuduko wimashini ntushobora kwizerwa kuva kuri aluminiyumu yonyine. Coefficient de friction, ubushyuhe bwo gutangiza kashe, tack ashyushye, gukomera kurubuga, kugenzura kwiyandikisha, hamwe nimashini bigomba guhuzwa numurongo wo gupakira.
Irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bukwiye bwo gupakira ibiryo mugihe ifuro, icapiro wino, impuzu, ibifatika, firime ya polymer, nibisabwa byujuje ibisabwa. Ubuso bwacapwe hamwe nibiryo-bihuza bigomba gusobanurwa neza.
Guhuza bitaziguye ntibigomba gufatwa nkibisanzwe byapakiwe. Mubintu byinshi bya laminate, icapiro rishyirwa hejuru yinyuma cyangwa inyuma-ryacapwe kandi rifatirwa hagati yabyo. Porogaramu iyo ari yo yose itaziguye isaba tekinike yihariye kandi yemewe.
Irashobora gufatwa nkigice cya farumasi ikwiye, ariko gupakira imiti bisaba impamyabumenyi yihariye, guhuza ibicuruzwa, ubushakashatsi buhamye, hamwe ninyandiko zigenga. Imikorere ya alloy na bariyeri yonyine ntabwo ihagije kugirango yemererwe.
Gucapa wino hamwe na lamination bifata ubuso busukuye kandi buhuye. Amavuta asigara asigaye, kwanduza, kuvura bidahagije, cyangwa chimie idakwiye birashobora kugabanya ibyapa byanditse cyangwa imbaraga zifatika.
Yego. Abaguzi barashobora kwerekana ubugari bwumuzingi, umurambararo wa diameter, ntarengwa ya diametre yo hanze, uburebure bwumuzingo cyangwa uburemere, icyerekezo cyanditse, icyerekezo cyerekezo, icyerekezo gisabwa, hamwe nibice byemewe. Umusaruro ushobora kwemezwa mugihe cyo gusubiramo.
Nyamuneka ohereza uburebure bwa file, ubugari, ibivanze niba byerekanwe, gucapa amabara, ibihangano, gusubiramo uburebure, ibipimo bizunguruka, icyerekezo cyerekezo, ibisabwa bya laminate niba bishoboka, ibicuruzwa bipakiye, ubwinshi, aho bigana, hamwe nibisabwa cyangwa ibizamini bisabwa.
Dingang yakira neza ibibazo byabajijwe guhinduranya ibintu byoroshye, laminator, abapakira ibicuruzwa, abagurisha, hamwe nabaguzi binganda bakeneye ibicuruzwa byabugenewe byanditseho aluminium nibikoresho bya laminate.
Kubisubiramo byihuse tekinike, ohereza ibikoresho byawe byubu cyangwa icyitegererezo cyerekana hamwe hamwe na fayili isabwa, gucapa ibihangano, ibipimo byerekana, gupakira, umubare wabyo, hamwe nigihugu ugana.
Ibicuruzwa
ikoreshwa
Ihuza ryihuse
Twandikire