Kuki Aluminiyumu Yoroha Kuruta Icyuma?

Iyo baganiriye ku kwangirika kwicyuma, abantu benshi bibwira ko ibyuma byihuta kurusha aluminiyumu - erega, ibintu byuma nkimisumari ishaje cyangwa ibikoresho byubusitani byihuta gukura ingese zijimye, umutuku wijimye wijimye, mugihe ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu (nkibikoresho bya soda cyangwa amakadiri yidirishya) bisa nkaho bikomeza kumurika imyaka myinshi. Nyamara, ukurikije imiti, aluminiyumu irabora (korode) byoroshye kuruta icyuma. Urujijo rukomoka kumiterere yihariye yibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu, itanga uburinzi bwigihe kirekire ugereranije nicyuma. Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe niyi paradox, dukeneye gusenya siyanse ya okiside yicyuma, kugereranya reaction ya aluminium nicyuma hamwe na ogisijeni, tunashakisha impamvu ingaruka zabo zangirika zitandukanye cyane.

1.Ubumenyi bwa 'Rusting ': Oxidation nkibikorwa bisanzwe

Umuvuduko wa okiside uterwa nicyuma 'reactivite ' - igipimo cyerekana uburyo byoroshye gutanga electron mubindi bintu (nka ogisijeni). Ku mbonerahamwe yigihe, ibyuma bikurikiranwa nubushake: potasiyumu na sodium birakora cyane (bihita bihumeka mumazi), mugihe zahabu na platine bidakora (ntibikunze kubora). Aluminium na fer bigwa hagati, ariko aluminiyumu iragaragara cyane kuruta icyuma. Iyi reaction yo hejuru isobanura atome ya aluminium ifite imyumvire ikomeye yo guhuza na ogisijeni, biganisha kuri okiside yihuse.

2. Aluminium Oxidize yihuta: Reactivite ikubita icyuma

Aluminium ikora cyane niyo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma byoroha kuruta icyuma. Dore impamvu:

Ibyuma bitandukanye nibyo, bitwara buhoro buhoro hamwe na ogisijeni. Umusumari mushya w'icyuma urashobora kumara amasaha menshi mwumuyaga wumye, ndetse no mubihe bitose, ingese igaragara (oxyde de fer, Fe₂O₃ · nH₂O) ifata amasaha cyangwa iminsi kugirango bibeho. Uku gutangira buhoro buhoro niyo mpamvu icyuma gisa nkicyakunze kubora - ariko igice cyacyo cya okiside ntigishobora kurinda igihe kirekire, bigatuma habaho kwangirika kwigihe.

3. Kurinda 'Inkinzo itagaragara ': Impamvu ingese ya Aluminium itayisenya

Niba aluminiyumu ihindagurika vuba, kuki idatandukana nkicyuma kiboze? Igisubizo kiri mumiterere nimiterere ya oxyde ya aluminium (Al₂O₃), 'ingese ' ikora kuri aluminium. Bitandukanye na okiside ya fer, iroroshye, iranyeganyega, kandi irasenya, oxyde ya aluminiyumu ikora urwego ruto, rwinshi, kandi rutemerwa rukora nk'inzitizi yo kurwanya ruswa.

Uburyo Aluminiyumu ya Oxide ikora:

Ubunini n'ubucucike

 Iyo aluminium oxyde, ikora aluminium oxyde ifite uburebure bwa nanometero 2-3 gusa (hafi 1/100.000 z'ubugari bw'umusatsi w'umuntu). Uru rupapuro ruto cyane ntiruboneka kumaso, kugumisha aluminiyumu isa neza. Icy'ingenzi cyane, ipakiye neza (amorphous cyangwa kristaline, bitewe nuburyo ibintu) kandi nta cyuho ifite - ogisijeni n’amazi ntibishobora kuyinjiramo kugirango igere kuri aluminiyumu nshya munsi.

Ubushobozi bwo Kwikiza

Niba igice cya oxyde cyashushanijwe cyangwa cyangiritse (urugero, uhereye kumatiku cyangwa kuntoki), aluminiyumu nshya igaragara kurubuga rwahise ihita ikora na ogisijeni ikora oxyde nshya ya aluminium. Mu masegonda make, igishushanyo gifunzwe hamwe nuburyo bushya bwo kurinda, bikarinda kwangirika.

Okiside ya fer, bitandukanye, nicyago cyicyuma

Ubunebwe no kutagira ubwoba

 Rust (oxyde de fer) ni ibintu bidakabije, byoroshye bitajyanye neza nicyuma. Amazi na ogisijeni byinjira mu cyuho kiri mu ngese, bikomeza kwitwara hamwe nicyuma hepfo. Nkuko ingese nyinshi, iraguka (ifata inshuro 6-7 kurenza icyuma cyambere), bigatuma ingese zishira kandi zigashyira ibyuma bishya. Ibi bitera uruziga rwangirika-ingese ibyara ingese nyinshi, kugeza igihe icyuma kimenetse.

Nta Kwirinda

Bitandukanye na oxyde ya aluminium, okiside yicyuma ntishobora kwisana ubwayo. Iyo ibishishwa cyangwa chip bibaye, icyuma gihita cyihuta cyane, kuko ubuhehere na ogisijeni bifite uburyo butaziguye bwo kubona ibyuma bitarinzwe.

4. Ibimenyetso bifatika-byukuri: Aluminium iramba mugukoresha burimunsi

Itandukaniro riri hagati yimyitwarire ya aluminium nicyuma igaragara mubuzima bwa buri munsi:

Umwanzuro: Aluminium Rusts Byihuse, Ariko Biramba

Igitekerezo cy'uko 'aluminiyumu yoroha kurusha icyuma ' ntabwo ari umugani - ni ibintu bya shimi, bishinze imizi muri aluminiyumu ikora cyane na okiside yihuse. Nyamara, aluminiyumu idasanzwe ya oxyde ihindura iyi 'intege nke ' imbaraga: mugihe ihindagurika vuba hejuru, ingabo yuzuye, yikiza-oxyde ikingira irinda kwangirika, bigatuma aluminiyumu iramba cyane kuruta icyuma mugihe kirekire.

Iyi mitungo niyo mpamvu aluminiyumu ari ibikoresho byo guhitamo mubisabwa aho ikibazo cyo kurwanya ruswa - kuva kumuryango winjira mumuryango wibikoresho, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni kugeza ibice byindege ndetse no hanze. Nurugero rwiza rwukuntu gusobanukirwa siyanse yibikoresho bishobora kudufasha kumenya impamvu ibyuma bimwe bikora neza kurenza ibindi, nubwo imyitwarire yabo ya mbere isa nkaho itavuguruzanya.