Kuki 'Rust ' Bigaragara kuri Aluminium: Ukuri Kubyerekeye Ingese Yera N'ibibara byirabura

1. Intangiriro: Imyumvire mibi ya Aluminium idafite ingese

Imyizerere isanzwe ivuga ko aluminiyumu idafite ingese, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byiza byubatswe hanze, ibice byimodoka, nibikoresho bya buri munsi. Bitandukanye nicyuma nicyuma, bitera ingese yumutuku uhora wangiza matrike yicyuma, aluminiyumu isanzwe ikora firime yoroheje, yuzuye, yuzuye ya okiside ya oxyde hejuru yayo iyo ihuye numwuka. Iyi firime ya pasiporo itandukanya neza ibyuma byimbere muri ogisijeni nubushuhe, bigaha aluminiyumu hamwe no kurwanya ruswa yo mu kirere. Nyamara, abakoresha benshi babonye ifu yera igaragara hamwe nibibara byirabura bidasanzwe hejuru ya aluminiyumu nyuma yo gukoresha igihe kirekire cyangwa kubika. Ibi bintu mubyukuri ni aluminiyumu yangirika, isenya imigani ya 'idafite ingese ' ya aluminium. Kugira ngo ukemure ubwo busembwa busa, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo gukora ingese ya aluminiyumu yera n’ibara ryirabura, kimwe n’ibitera ibidukikije n’ibintu.

2. Shingiro rya siyansi: Impamvu Aluminium ikora

Impamvu nyamukuru yo kurwanya aluminiyumu irwanya ruswa iri mu buryo bwihuse. Aluminium nshyashya ikora vuba na ogisijeni mu kirere kugirango itange urwego rwa aluminium oxyde yuzuye hamwe nubunini bwa nanometero nyinshi. Iyi firime irahamye, ifatana cyane nicyuma cyubutaka, kandi ikarinda okiside nisuri. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, iyi oxyde ikingira ntishobora kurimburwa. Irashobora kwangirika cyangwa kubora mugihe cyihariye kibi, harimo ubuhehere bukabije, guhindagurika kwubushyuhe, isuri yumunyu, kwanduza aside-aside, no guhura nibyuma bidasa. Iyo firime ikingira imaze gusenywa, hejuru ya aluminiyumu igaragara izakomeza kwangirika kwamashanyarazi cyangwa imiti ikomeza kwangirika, bigakora ingese yera igaragara hamwe nibibara byirabura hejuru.

3. Uburyo bwo gushinga no kuranga Aluminium Yera

Impamvu nyamukuru zitera ingese

Ingese yera ya aluminium ninenge ikunze kugaragara cyane ya aluminium, izwi kandi nka okiside yera cyangwa ifu ya ruswa. Bibaho cyane cyane mubushuhe buhebuje hamwe nubushuhe bugereranije hejuru ya 80% cyangwa mubihe byinshi. Itandukaniro rinini ryubushyuhe hagati yumunsi nijoro bizatera ibitonyanga bito byamazi byegeranye hejuru ya aluminiyumu, bigakora firime yamazi ikomeza itwikiriye urwego rukingira oxyde. Filime y'amazi irashonga kandi ikangiza firime yumwimerere yuzuye ya pasiporo, bigatuma ogisijeni, imyuka y'amazi, hamwe n’imyanda yo mu kirere ikora hamwe na substrate ya aluminium.

Igicuruzwa cya nyuma cyibisubizo ni hydride ya aluminium na hydroxide ya aluminiyumu, igaragara nkibishishwa byifu byera, chalky, cyangwa ubukonje bukabije hejuru ya aluminium. Ubu bwoko bwa ruswa bukunze kugaragara mugihe cyo kubika, gutwara, no gutanga ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu, cyane cyane mu bihe by'imvura, uduce two ku nkombe, hamwe n’ububiko butose. Byongeye kandi, amazi asukuye asigara hamwe nubushuhe budakuweho nyuma yo gutunganywa birashobora kandi gutuma ingese zera zikura.

Ibigaragara nuburyo bwuburyo bwa Rust yera

Ingese yera yoroheje igaragara nkigihu cyera cyoroshye cyangwa ifu irekuye ishobora guhanagurwa byoroshye nigitambaro cyoroshye, nta byangiritse bigaragara cyangwa byatewe hejuru ya aluminiyumu. Ingese yera kandi yoroheje yegeranya mu cyuho no mu bice byegeranye, ikora ibishishwa byera byera. Kwiyegeranya igihe kirekire bizagenda bitera buhoro buhoro kwangirika hejuru ya aluminiyumu, kugabanya ubuso hamwe nuburabyo, kandi bigira ingaruka kumiterere nubuzima bwibicuruzwa bya aluminium.

4. Uburyo bwo Gushinga no Kuranga Ibirahuri bya Aluminium

Impamvu nyamukuru zitera ibibara byirabura

Bitandukanye n'ingese yera iterwa na okiside ya hydration, ibibara byirabura bya aluminiyumu bikomoka ahanini kubora kwangirika gukabije no kubika ibintu. Ibyingenzi byambere birimo ruswa ya galvanike iterwa no guhura nibyuma bidasa, kwanduza aside-fatizo yaho, isuri yumunyu (nka ioni ya chloride yo ku nkombe n'umunyu ugereranya umunyu), hamwe no kwitegura hejuru. Iyo aluminium ihuye nicyuma nkicyuma, umuringa, nicyuma kitagira umwanda ahantu h’ubushuhe, ingirabuzimafatizo ya electrolytike ikorwa na firime yamazi yo hejuru nka electrolyte. Aluminium, ifite ubushobozi buke bwa electrode, ikora nka anode kandi igahita yangirika.

Byongeye kandi, amavuta asigaye, ibisigazwa bifata, hamwe n’imyanda ihumanya inganda hejuru ya aluminiyumu bizatera ikwirakwizwa rya ogisijeni itaringaniye, biganisha ku kwangirika kwa ogisijeni. Ibicuruzwa byangirika bivangwa nuduce duto twicyuma, umwanda wa karubone, hamwe nububiko bwa oxyde, bigakora inenge yumukara cyangwa umukara. Kuvura bidakwiye cyangwa kuvura neza nabyo bizavamo uburebure bwa firime ikingira, bitera firime yaho ndetse no kwangirika kwumukara.

Ibigaragara kandi byubaka Ibiranga umukara

Ibara ry'umukara wa aluminiyumu ahanini ni uduce twihariye cyangwa utudomo duto tumeze nk'utudomo, bidashobora guhanagurwa byoroshye. Bitandukanye no gukwirakwiza ifu imwe yo gukwirakwiza ingese zera, ibibara byirabura byerekana uburemere bukomeye bwaho. Ahantu henshi hirabura haherekejwe nubuso bworoshye kandi bubi. Hamwe no kwagura igihe cya serivisi, urwego rwo kwangirika ruzagenda rwiyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi ibyobo byaho bizagenda byiyongera, amaherezo bigira ingaruka kumiterere yibigize aluminium.

5. Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati ya Rust yera nuduce twirabura kuri Aluminium

Nubwo ingese zombi zera hamwe nibibara byumukara nibishobora kwangirika kwa aluminiyumu, biratandukanye cyane muburyo bwo gukora, kugaragara, no kurwego rwa hazard. Ingese yera ni cyane cyane okiside yubuso buterwa nubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe nibicuruzwa byangirika kandi bivanwaho kandi byangirika byoroheje. Ibibara byirabura ni amashanyarazi yangiza amashanyarazi yatewe no guhura nicyuma kidasanzwe, umwanda wumunyu, hamwe nuwanduye usigaye, hamwe nibicuruzwa byangirika kandi bidashobora gukurwaho kandi byoroshye kwangirika. Muri make, ingese yera ahanini ni okiside yibidukikije, mugihe ibibara byirabura byangiza ruswa ikenera gusanwa.

6. Gukumira neza no gukuraho ibisubizo

Ingamba zo gukumira buri munsi

Uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kwirinda inenge ya aluminium ni uguhagarika ibidukikije kandi byangirika. Mugihe cyo kubika no gutwara, komeza ibidukikije byumye hamwe nubushuhe bugereranije munsi ya 75%, irinde ubushyuhe butunguranye nubushyuhe, kandi utandukanya ibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu imyuka yangirika nigihu cyumunyu. Mu mikoreshereze ya buri munsi, irinde guhura igihe kirekire ibice bya aluminiyumu n'amazi, aside-fatizo ya aside, hamwe nibintu birimo umunyu. Gutandukanya aluminiyumu mu byuma bidasa na gasketi kugirango wirinde kwangirika. Gusukura buri gihe no kubungabunga hejuru birashobora kugumana ubusugire bwurwego rukingira oxyde.

Uburyo bwo Gukuraho Umutekano Kuburyo Buriho

Ku ngese yera yoroheje, abayikoresha barashobora guhanagura hejuru bakoresheje ibikoresho bidafite aho bibogamiye cyangwa umuti wa soda wo mu mazi kugirango bakureho umukungugu nifu ya piside ya oxyde, hanyuma bahanagure neza. Ku ngese yera yinangiye, vuga vinegere yera cyangwa umutobe windimu urashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya acide yoroheje kugirango ushongeshe hydride oxyde, hanyuma hakurikiraho kutabogama hamwe namazi ya soda yo guteka no kwoza neza no gukama kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwa kabiri.

Kubibara byumukara hamwe nibishobora kwangirika, birasabwa ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu yumwuga cyangwa kuvanaho ibyuma bidasanzwe. Irinde acide ikomeye na alkalis ikomeye, izangirika substrate ya aluminiyumu. Nyuma yo gukuraho inenge ya ruswa, shyira ibishashara, kashe, cyangwa uburinzi kugirango wubake inzitizi yubuso kandi wirinde kwangirika.

7. Umwanzuro

Aluminium ntabwo ari ingese rwose. Kurwanya kwangirika kwayo kuraboneka gusa mubidukikije byumye kandi bihamye byikirere bishingiye kuri firime ya paside isanzwe. Iyo firime ikingira imaze kwangizwa nubushyuhe bwinshi, kondegene, igihu cyumunyu, guhuza ibyuma bidasa, hamwe n’umwanda w’imiti, aluminiyumu izabyara ibintu bisanzwe byangirika by ingese zera nibibara byirabura. Ingese yera ni okiside ya hydrasique iterwa nibidukikije bitose, mugihe ibibara byumukara byangiza amashanyarazi ya ruswa. Gusobanukirwa n'amahame yabyo arashobora gufasha abayikoresha gukora igamije gukumira no kubungabunga siyanse, kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi yibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu no gukomeza isura nziza n'imikorere myiza.