Kohereza mu bihugu by’Uburayi birimo CBAM Ibaruramari no Kurwanya?

Ku bicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi, ba nyir'ubucuruzi benshi babaza niba ibaruramari rya karuboni ya CBAM hamwe n’amategeko yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Igisubizo kigufi: ni uburyo bubiri butandukanye bwo kugenzura Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, kandi ibicuruzwa byawe birashobora guhura kimwe, byombi, cyangwa byombi, bitewe na kode ya HS, ibyiciro by’ibicuruzwa, inkomoko n’ingamba z’ubucuruzi z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi . Kwitiranya aya mategeko yombi birashobora gutuma gutinda kwa gasutamo bitunguranye, amafaranga yinyongera cyangwa ibihano bitubahirijwe.

CBAM ni iki kandi ni ryari Ibaruramari risabwa?

CBAM isobanura uburyo bwo kugenzura imipaka ya Carbone, politiki y’ikirere y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi igamije kurwanya imyuka ya karubone no guhuza ibiciro bya karuboni bitumizwa mu mahanga na gahunda y’ibiciro bya karuboni by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ntabwo ari umusoro wa gasutamo gakondo; icyifuzo cyacyo nyamukuru ni uguharura karubone ibyuka bihumanya ikirere imbere yibicuruzwa bitwikiriye.

CBAM ikubiyemo urutonde rusobanutse rwibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri karubone muri iki gihe: aluminium, ibyuma n’ibyuma, sima, ifumbire, hydrogène n’amashanyarazi. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi urimo kwagura ibicuruzwa byinshi byo mu cyuma ndetse na aluminiyumu yibanda cyane mu myaka iri imbere, birimo ibice by'ibyuma, ibikoresho by'imashini n'ibikoresho by'inganda.

Kuva 2026 gukomeza, ubutegetsi busobanutse bwa CBAM burakora. Abatumiza mu bihugu by’Uburayi bagomba kuzuza ibaruramari ryemewe rya karubone, bagatanga raporo y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kandi bakagura ibyemezo bya CBAM kugira ngo babone ibyerekeranye n’ibicuruzwa byinjira mu mahanga. Niba ibicuruzwa byawe biguye hanze yurwego rwa CBAM, ntukeneye gutanga raporo y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere cyangwa ngo ukore karuboni ya CBAM ibarwa kuri gasutamo y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.

Ibikorwa by'ingenzi byubahiriza CBAM kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze birimo:

• Kubara ibyuka byashyizwemo murwego rwumusaruro wawe

• Gutegura ibyangombwa byo kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya

• Gushyigikira abatumiza EU hamwe namakuru yo gutangaza CBAM

• Gukurikirana ibishya iyo EU yongeyeho amatsinda mashya kubicuruzwa bya CBAM

Ni ayahe mabwiriza yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga?

Kurwanya ibicuruzwa ni ibikoresho bisanzwe birinda ubucuruzi, bidashingiye rwose ku kirere n’amategeko ya karubone. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi utangiza iperereza ryo kurwanya ibicuruzwa igihe usanze ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bigurishwa ku giciro cyajugunywe, bigatera ibikomere ku bicuruzwa byo mu gihugu cy’Uburayi.

Imirimo yo kurwanya imyanda ibarwa hashingiwe ku guta imyanda, ntabwo ibyuka bihumanya. Kujugunya bibaho mugihe uwatumije ibicuruzwa hanze agurisha ibicuruzwa kumasoko yuburayi munsi yagaciro gasanzwe mugihugu cyabo. Niba hashyizweho ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya ibicuruzwa, uwatumije mu mahanga yishyura imisoro y’inyongera yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa kuri gasutamo ku bicuruzwa byangijwe n’ibihugu cyangwa ababikora.

Ingamba zo kurwanya guta ibintu ni ibicuruzwa byihariye, inkomoko yihariye na progaramu yihariye. Ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bya aluminiyumu, ibyuma n’ibyuma bifite ibicuruzwa bimaze igihe kinini byo kurwanya EU, mu gihe ibindi bicuruzwa byinshi by’inganda n’abaguzi bidafite ingamba zo kurwanya guta agaciro na gato. Ugomba kugenzura ububiko bwibiciro bya EU TARIC ukoresheje code ya HS ninkomoko kugirango wemeze ibiciro birwanya kurwanya ibicuruzwa mbere yo koherezwa.

Itandukaniro Ryibanze Hagati ya CBAM Ibaruramari na Anti-Dumping

Benshi mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu by’Uburayi bavanga izo nshingano zombi, bityo kugereranya neza bifasha kwirinda amakosa yo kubahiriza:

• Intego ya politiki : CBAM yibasiye imyuka ya karubone hamwe n’uburinganire bw’ikirere; anti-dumping intego zirenganya ibiciro byubucuruzi buke

• Ishingiro ryo kubara : CBAM ishingiye kumyuka ya CO₂ yashyizwemo nigiciro cya karuboni ya ETS; anti-dumping yishingikiriza ku guta no kubona ibikomere

• Igikorwa cyo kubahiriza : CBAM ikeneye ibaruramari rya karubone, raporo y’ibyuka bihumanya hamwe no gukemura ibyemezo bya CBAM; anti-dumping isaba kwishyura imisoro niba ingamba zikurikizwa

• Imbarutso yemewe : CBAM ikoreshwa nibicuruzwa CN code kurutonde rwumugereka wa CBAM; anti-dumping ikoreshwa gusa mugihe ingamba zemewe zo kurwanya EU zishyirwaho kubicuruzwa ninkomoko

• Kuvugurura injyana : CBAM yaguka buhoro buhoro kubicuruzwa byinshi bikoresha karubone; ingamba zo kurwanya imyanda zinyura mu isuzuma rirangiye niperereza rirenze

Igicuruzwa kimwe gishobora guhangana na CBAM hamwe n amategeko yo kurwanya guta?

Yego. Ibyuma, aluminium nibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano nibyiciro bikunze guhuzagurika. Igiceri cya aluminiyumu yubatswe, gukuramo aluminiyumu cyangwa ibyuma bishobora gushyirwa ku rutonde rwa CBAM kandi bigakorerwa kandi inshingano z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi icyarimwe.

Iyo amategeko yombi akurikizwa, abohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bagomba gukora inzira ebyiri zitandukanye zo kubahiriza:

1. Tanga amakuru yuzuye y’ibisohoka hamwe ninyandiko zishyigikira ibaruramari rya CBAM

2. Tegura imenyekanisha rijyanye no kurwanya ibicuruzwa, ibyemezo byababyaye ninyandiko zinkomoko yo gusuzuma gasutamo

Icyitonderwa kimwe cyingenzi: kuzuza ibisabwa na raporo ya CBAM ntibigusonera imirimo yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa , kandi kwishyura imisoro yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa ntibikuraho inshingano za raporo ya karuboni ya CBAM. Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ubifata nk’inshingano zidafitanye isano.

Intambwe zifatika kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze kugirango bagenzure iyubahirizwa

Mbere yo kwemeza itegeko rya EU, kora iri genzura:

1. Emeza neza neza code ya HS / CN kubicuruzwa byohereza hanze

2. Reba niba code ya CN iri imbere kurutonde rwa CBAM kugirango umenye niba ibaruramari rya karubone ari itegeko

3. Shakisha ububikoshingiro bwa EU TARIC kugirango umenye imirimo ikora yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa cyangwa kurwanya inkunga kubicuruzwa byawe nuwabikoze

4. Emeza niba umuguzi wawe w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yiyandikishije muri CBAM, kandi uhuze gahunda yo kohereza ibyuka

5. Bika ingengo yimari yinyongera niba ibyemezo bya CBAM hamwe ninshingano zo kurwanya guta

Incamake yanyuma

Kwohereza mu bihugu by’Uburayi ntabwo bivuze ko ugomba kurangiza ibaruramari rya CBAM cyangwa guhura n’inshingano zo kurwanya guta . Ibaruramari rya CBAM rikoreshwa gusa kurutonde rwibicuruzwa byibanda cyane kuri CBAM. Inshingano zo kurwanya ibicuruzwa zireba gusa ibicuruzwa Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi washyizeho mu buryo bwo kurwanya ibicuruzwa.

Kubohereza ibicuruzwa hanze cyane cyane, ibintu byuzuzanya birasanzwe. Gutandukanya iyubahirizwa ry’ikirere n’ubuziranenge bw’ubucuruzi bigufasha gutegura inyandiko zukuri, kuvuga ibiciro nyabyo no kwirinda ingaruka za gasutamo zitunguranye kubyoherezwa mu Burayi.