EU CBAM: Ingaruka ku bicuruzwa byo mu Bushinwa na Aluminium byoherezwa mu mahanga

Intangiriro

Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (CBAM) ni politiki y’ingenzi y’ubucuruzi bw’ikirere hagamijwe gukumira imyuka ya karubone no kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bikomoka kuri karubone bitwara amafaranga angana na karubone nk’ibicuruzwa by’imbere mu gihugu by’Uburayi muri gahunda y’ubucuruzi bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (ETS). Guhera mu 2023, CBAM yakoresheje icyiciro cyinzibacyuho gusa; guhera ku ya 1 Mutarama 2026, yinjiye mu butegetsi bwayo bwuzuye kandi inshingano z’amafaranga zagiye zishyirwa mu bikorwa kugeza mu mwaka wa 2034.Mu byiciro bitandatu bikubiyemo ibicuruzwa, ibyuma na aluminium harimo ibice bibiri byibasiwe cyane n’Ubushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.

Ubushinwa nicyo gihugu kinini ku isi gikora kandi cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ibyuma na aluminium. Igice cyibyo bicuruzwa byinjira mumasoko yuburayi. CBAM ihindura cyane amategeko agenga amarushanwa: guhatanira ubucuruzi ntibigiterwa gusa nigiciro cy’umusaruro gakondo, ahubwo biterwa n’ibicuruzwa byagenzuwe ku rwego rw’ibicuruzwa byashyizwemo imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Iyi ngingo isesengura ingaruka zifatika za CBAM ku byuma by’Ubushinwa byohereza mu mahanga ibyuma na aluminiyumu, igereranya ingufu z’umurenge, ikanagaragaza ingamba zishoboka ku bicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bushinwa.

Incamake y'amategeko ya CBAM nigihe cyo kuyashyira mubikorwa

Uburyo bukuru bwa CBAM

CBAM isaba abatumiza mu bihugu by’Uburayi gutanga ibyemezo bya CBAM bihuye n’ibyuka bihumanya byashyizwe mu byuma na aluminiyumu bitumizwa mu mahanga. Igiciro cyicyemezo gihujwe na EU ETS ibiciro bya karubone. Niba abatari abanyaburayi bashobora gutanga amakuru yemewe yoherezwa mu kirere, iyi mibare nyayo ikoreshwa mu kubara. Hatariho igice cya gatatu cyemewe cyemewe cya karubone, abategetsi b’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bakoresha agaciro k’ibicuruzwa byangiza ikirere, ubusanzwe bikavamo imyenda myinshi ya karubone.

Icyiciro-Muri Gahunda

• 2023–2025 (Icyiciro cyinzibacyuho): Buri gihembwe giteganijwe gutanga raporo y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, nta kwishyura bisabwa. Ibigo byakusanyije amakuru ya karubone kandi byubaka sisitemu yo kubara imbere.

• 2026–2033 (Icyiciro gisobanutse): Inshingano z’amafaranga ziyongera uko umwaka utashye, mu gihe amafaranga y’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi akurwaho buhoro buhoro.

• 2034 gukomeza: 100% byashyizwe mu kirere hashyizweho amafaranga ya CBAM; kugenerwa kubuntu kubakora ibyuma bya EU na aluminiyumu byavanyweho burundu.

Ingaruka zitandukanye ku bicuruzwa byo mu Bushinwa byoherezwa mu mahanga na Aluminium

Urwego rw'Icyuma: Ubushyuhe bwa Carbone Bukuru hamwe n'umuvuduko wa Margin

Ibyuma byinshi byo mu Bushinwa bishingiye ku itanura riturika-itanura rya ogisijeni (BF-BOF) hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya. Hatariho amakuru yemewe kurubuga-urwego, EU itangiza ibyuka bihumanya bikurikizwa, kuzamura ibyemezo bya CBAM bikabije.

Ingaruka nyamukuru zirimo:

1. Igiciro kinini cyo kugura abaguzi ba EU: Amafaranga yinyongera ya karubone agabanya inyungu. Igice cyigiciro gishobora guhabwa abakiriya ba EU, kugabanya ubushobozi bwo guhatanira ibiciro kubatanga ibyuma bike bya karubone.

2. Umutwaro wo kubahiriza: Kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bigomba gushyiraho urwego rwo mu rwego rwo kugenzura karubone, gukusanya amakuru hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura abandi bantu. Uruganda ruciriritse kandi ruciriritse ruhura nigiciro cyinshi cyo kubahiriza.

3. Guhindura imiterere yibicuruzwa: Ibyuma bya karubone nkeya bikozwe muri DRI cyangwa inzira zishingiye ku bice byunguka inyungu munsi ya CBAM, mugihe ibyuma bisanzwe bishyushye bishingiye ku byuma bihura nimbogamizi zikura.

Ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa byohereza mu bihugu by’Uburayi ntabwo ari byinshi mu bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, ariko CBAM ihindura uburyo bwo kubona isoko igihe kirekire. Abaguzi barasaba cyane ibyapa bya karuboni mbere yo gutanga ibicuruzwa.

Umurenge wa Aluminium: Ingaruka ziterwa n’ingufu

Guconga aluminiyumu ni imbaraga nyinshi cyane. Ikirenge cyacyo cya karubone ahanini biterwa nimbaraga zivanze zikoreshwa muri electrolysis. Imyuka ya Aluminium yashyizwemo iratandukanye cyane hagati y’amashanyarazi ashingiye ku mashanyarazi make ya karubone hamwe n’inganda zikomoka ku makara.

Ingaruka z'ingenzi:

1. Ikinyuranyo kinini cyoherezwa mu kirere: aluminium ikoreshwa namakara itwara CO₂ yashyizwemo cyane, biganisha kuri CBAM iremereye. Aluminiyumu yakozwe nimbaraga zishobora kunezezwa cyane na CBAM.

2. Gutanga urunigi rukurikirana: Ibaruramari rya karubone rigomba gukurikirana imyuka iva muri alumina, ibikoresho bya anode n'amashanyarazi hejuru. Carbone yuzuye ikurikirana murwego rwose rwa aluminiyumu.

3. Kuvugurura amasezerano: Abatumiza mu bihugu by’Uburayi noneho bongeyeho ingingo z’igiciro cya CBAM mu masezerano yo kugurisha, kugabana cyangwa kwimura amafaranga ya karubone ku baguzi ba aluminiyumu yo mu Bushinwa.

Ugereranije nicyuma, aluminium ifite intera nini ya karubone. Abakora aluminiyumu yicyatsi barashobora guhindura CBAM ahantu hagurishwa isoko ryu Burayi.

Inzitizi Zisanzwe Zihura n’Ubushinwa & Aluminium yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze

Amafaranga yo kubahiriza no kugenzura

Igiciro kinini kidatanga umusaruro kiva mububiko bwa karubone, kwemeza amakuru hamwe nubugenzuzi bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi byemewe. Inganda nyinshi zicyuma zabuze sisitemu yo kubara karubone. Gukusanya amakuru yizewe yizewe murwego rwa 1, icyiciro cya 2 abatanga ibikoresho fatizo bitanga imirimo yinyongera yubuyobozi. Abacuruza ibicuruzwa bitoya barashobora kuva ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi niba amafaranga yo kubahiriza adashobora kwishyurwa.

Igiciro cyo Gusohora Agaciro Agaciro

Gukoresha indangagaciro zidasanzwe za EU aho kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya mubisanzwe bivamo imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Ibi birema ibihimbano bya karuboni yibicuruzwa byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze binanirwa kugenzura verisiyo ya karubone. Iyi ni imwe mu ngaruka zihuse ku masosiyete y'ibyuma yo mu Bushinwa mashya kuri raporo ya CBAM.

Umuvuduko wo Kwisoko

Kugira ngo hirindwe ibiciro by’ibihugu by’Uburayi, ibigo byinshi by’Ubushinwa n’ibyuma bya aluminiyumu byihutisha itandukaniro ry’isoko ryerekeza mu majyepfo y’amajyepfo ya Aziya, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati na Amerika y'Epfo. Umugabane w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Ubushinwa wohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga urashobora kugabanuka gahoro gahoro, mu gihe imirongo y’ibicuruzwa bya karuboni nkeya yibanda ku ntera y’ibicuruzwa by’iburayi.

Amahirwe Yakozwe na CBAM

CBAM ntabwo ari inzitizi yubucuruzi gusa ahubwo ni umusemburo wa decarbonisation yinganda.

1. Ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri karubone nkeya: Icyatsi kibisi na karuboni nkeya ya aluminiyumu irashobora kwitandukanya mu masoko y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, cyane cyane mu bwubatsi, mu modoka no mu kongera ingufu z’abaguzi.

2. Gutezimbere imicungire ya karubone: CBAM isunika inganda zicyuma zubushinwa kubaka ubushobozi bwa comptabilite ya karubone, nayo ishyigikira isoko rya karubone mu gihugu cy’Ubushinwa hamwe n’ibisabwa na ESG.

3. Kuzamura amasoko: Ibisabwa ku byuma bishaje hamwe na aluminiyumu yongeye gukoreshwa biziyongera, biteze imbere ubukungu bw’umuzingi mu nganda z’ibyuma mu Bushinwa.

Ingamba zasabwe kubashinwa bohereza ibyuma bya Aluminium na Aluminium

Gushiraho Uruganda Kubara Ibaruramari no Kugenzura

Gupima ibyuka bihumanya kurwego rwo kwishyiriraho, tegura igenzura ryabandi-kugenzura ibyemewe na EU, kandi wirinde indangagaciro zidasanzwe. Kubaka amakuru ya karubone akubiyemo ibikoresho bibisi, gukoresha ingufu hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora.

Hindura ibicuruzwa Portfolio

Shyira imbere guteza imbere ibyuma bishaje hamwe na aluminiyumu ishobora kongera ingufu kubakiriya ba EU. Tandukanya kugurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi bya karubone kumasoko atari CBAM. Shyira akamenyetso ku byuma bya karuboni nkeya kugirango ugure icyatsi kibisi.

Ganira amasezerano ya CBAM mumasezerano yubucuruzi

Ongeraho ingingo zo kugabura CBAM mumasezerano yo kugurisha, sobanura uwatanze amafaranga yicyemezo, amafaranga yo kugenzura hamwe ningaruka zo guhinduka ziterwa nihindagurika ryibiciro bya karubone EU ETS.

Kuringaniza Isoko

Komeza isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku bicuruzwa bito bito bya karuboni mu gihe wagura amasoko atari Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kugirango ugabanye ingaruka ziterwa no kwibanda.

Umwanzuro

Umuryango w'ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi CBAM uzana impinduka mu bucuruzi bw’Ubushinwa n’Uburayi. Ingaruka z'igihe gito ni amafaranga yinyongera yubahirizwa hamwe ninyungu zagabanijwe, cyane cyane kuri karuboni nyinshi BF-BOF ibyuma na aluminiyumu ishingiye ku makara. Mu gihe kirekire, CBAM yihutisha irushanwa ry’ubucuruzi ku isi riva mu irushanwa ry’ibiciro ryiza rijya mu marushanwa ya karuboni-ibirenge.

Abashinwa bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga barashobora kugabanya ingaruka binyuze mu kugenzura karubone, kuzamura ikoranabuhanga rya karubone nkeya no gutandukanya isoko. Amasosiyete yubaka sisitemu yamakuru ya karubone kandi agatangiza ibicuruzwa byicyatsi bizagumana isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi bigatwara amahirwe mashya y’ubucuruzi.